Appendix 2 provides an overview of long-term cost trends for power generation technologies, covering the period from 2025 to 2050. All data are standardized in constant 2025 USD and expressed as capital cost per unit of capacity (USD/MW), allowing direct comparison across technologies.

The data are compiled from multiple sources and harmonized to a common price basis, ensuring consistency and applicability for analysis, modeling, and power system planning.

Technology Group	Cost Trend
Conventional technologies (e.g., thermal power)	Costs remain relatively stable or decline slightly over time
Renewable technologies	Costs tend to decrease over time
New/emerging technologies	Higher costs with greater uncertainty

Cost projections are presented with low–high ranges to reflect uncertainty. This uncertainty depends on the maturity of the technology, differences in data sources, and real-world deployment conditions. Commercially mature technologies generally have more reliable cost estimates, while emerging technologies exhibit higher levels of uncertainty.

Overall, Appendix 2 provides a standardized and comparable cost data framework that supports economic evaluation across technologies, enabling effective power system modeling and long-term energy planning decisions.