Technology Overview

Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) technology is a form of thermal power generation in which fuel is combusted in a fluidized bed environment, allowing for thorough mixing of fuel and air and maintaining stable combustion at lower temperatures compared to pulverized coal technology. Due to this characteristic, the technology can utilize a wide range of fuels, including low-quality coal and biomass blends, thereby enhancing fuel flexibility.

Technical Characteristics

This technology enables the combustion of various solid fuels, ranging from low-quality coal to biomass or waste-derived fuels, thanks to its flexible combustion mechanism. The generated heat is used to produce steam, drive turbines for electricity generation, or supply heat for industrial applications.

According to 2025 data, the net electrical efficiency of ultra-supercritical CFB technology is approximately 41%, which is lower than pulverized coal technology due to its lower combustion temperature. However, CFB has advantages in reducing NOₓ emissions and can directly absorb SO₂ within the combustion chamber, thereby reducing the need for downstream flue gas treatment systems. Plants can still achieve high-capacity factors if fuel supply remains stable.

Investment cost data indicates that current capital costs are approximately 1.9 million USD/MW. Compared to pulverized coal power, CFB has similar or slightly lower investment costs but is associated with lower efficiency.

Application in Vietnam

This technology has been used in Vietnam since the 2000s, with several plants currently in operation. However, the long-term direction is to gradually reduce its share in the power generation mix.